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<li>CentOS取消支持</li>
<li>Ubuntu图形化占比大，容易上手</li>
</ul>
<h5 id="开始安装："><a href="#开始安装：" class="headerlink" title="开始安装："></a>开始安装：</h5><p>准备工具：镜像文件，Rufus软件，启动盘</p>
<ol>
<li><p>在官网<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.ubuntu.org.cn/global%E6%89%BE%E5%88%B0%E9%95%9C%E5%83%8F%EF%BC%8C%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%E6%9B%B4%E7%A8%B3%E5%AE%9A%E7%9A%84LTS%EF%BC%88Long">https://www.ubuntu.org.cn/global找到镜像，选择更稳定的LTS（Long</a> Time Service）长期服务版</p>
</li>
<li><p>打开rufus在 <em>引导类型选择</em> 项选择准备好的ubuntu镜像</p>
<p><img src="/../img/fuwuqidajian/image-20220811125657553.png" alt="image-20220811125657553"></p>
<p>按上图设置即可，点击确定按钮等待写入完成</p>
</li>
<li><p>将启动盘插入服务器主机，开机后进入BIOS，在CSM里找到UEFI选项<img src="/../img/fuwuqidajian/image-20220811130116172.png" alt="image-20220811130116172"></p>
</li>
<li><p>选择UEFI加传统模式启动，保存并重启</p>
</li>
<li><p>重启后再次进入BIOS选择启动盘启动，进入GRUB</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p><img src="/../img/fuwuqidajian/image-20220811131339665.png" alt="image-20220811131339665"></p>
<p>选择Ubuntu进入系统，选择安装，剩下的根据提示操作即可</p>
<h5 id="ubuntu的简单操作"><a href="#ubuntu的简单操作" class="headerlink" title="ubuntu的简单操作"></a>ubuntu的简单操作</h5><p>左侧导航条最下角是应用导航，相当于windows的启动导航</p>
<ul>
<li>快捷方式上右键可以快速关闭(quit)所有窗口(windows)</li>
<li>移动硬盘可以右键快速卸载</li>
<li>右上角的快捷栏可以进行关机操作</li>
<li>其他快捷键如下：</li>
</ul>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>快捷键</th>
<th>操作</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>win+space</td>
<td>切换输入法</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ctrl+alt(win)+D</td>
<td>显示桌面&#x2F;恢复窗口</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>win+L</td>
<td>锁定屏幕</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>alt+tab&#x2F;alt+tab+shift(反向)</td>
<td>切换窗口</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>alt+F2</td>
<td>运行</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>shift+F10</td>
<td>相当于鼠标右键</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ctrl+H</td>
<td>显示&#x2F;不显示隐藏文件</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>alt+enter</td>
<td>显示文件属性</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>alt+home</td>
<td>切换到home目录</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ctrl+Q</td>
<td>关闭应用</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>ctrl+alt+T</code></td>
<td>打开终端</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ctrl+l</td>
<td>显示当前文件夹路径</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>win+[数字键]</td>
<td>打开导航栏从上往下数第[数字]个应用</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>设置里有Keyboard Shortcuts可以自定义快捷键</p>
<hr>
<h3 id="安装docker"><a href="#安装docker" class="headerlink" title="安装docker"></a><strong>安装docker</strong></h3><h5 id="★流程"><a href="#★流程" class="headerlink" title="★流程:"></a>★流程:</h5><ol>
<li><p><strong>更新 apt 工具及索引，以支持 https 存储库</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo apt-get update</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">sudo apt-get install ca-certificates curl gnupg lsb-release</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p><strong>添加 Docker 官方 GPG 密钥（用于签名&#x2F;验证、加密&#x2F;解密）</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p><strong>设置 stable 版稳定存储库（区别于夜间版&#x2F;测试版 nightly &#x2F; test ）</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">echo</span> \</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="string">&quot;deb [arch=<span class="subst">$(dpkg --print-architecture)</span> signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">  <span class="subst">$(lsb_release -cs)</span> stable&quot;</span> | sudo <span class="built_in">tee</span> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list &gt; /dev/null</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p><strong>更新 apt 工具及索引，并安装 Docker</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo apt-get update</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p><strong>验证 Docker Engine 是否正确安装（显示 “Hello from Docker!” 即为成功安装）</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo docker run hello-world</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ol>
<h5 id="问题描述1：连接不上下载节点"><a href="#问题描述1：连接不上下载节点" class="headerlink" title="问题描述1：连接不上下载节点"></a>问题描述1：连接不上下载节点</h5><hr>
<h5 id=""><a href="#" class="headerlink" title=""></a><img src="/../img/fuwuqidajian/20220811203432.jpg" alt="20220811203432"></h5><p>查CSDN得知有<code>两个解决方案</code>，网址：</p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://blog.csdn.net/qq_35759574/article/details/82862827">https://blog.csdn.net/qq_35759574/article/details/82862827</a></p>
<p><strong>方案一、换源</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">cd</span> /etc/apt</span><br><span class="line">sudo <span class="built_in">cp</span> sources.list sources.list.bak</span><br><span class="line">sudo gedit sources.list		<span class="comment"># 用gedit打开sources.list</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>换成清华镜像源，改动需要root权限，sources.list内容如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse</span></span><br><span class="line">deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse</span></span><br><span class="line">deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse</span></span><br><span class="line">deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>尝试后仍报错“无法安全地用该源进行更新，所以默认禁用该源”，再次求助于CSDN：</p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://blog.csdn.net/shangyexin/article/details/102657776">https://blog.csdn.net/shangyexin/article/details/102657776</a></p>
<p>该贴同样是更新apt使用的阿里源出现报错，分析问题是运营商的缓存劫持（我也不太懂）但是给出了解决办法：<code>再次换源</code></p>
<p>于是找到了阿里源：</p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44494373/article/details/110652692">https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44494373/article/details/110652692</a></p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse</span><br><span class="line">deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse</span><br><span class="line">deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse</span><br><span class="line">deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse</span><br><span class="line">deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse</span><br><span class="line">deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>更换完成后再次尝试更新apt使其生效</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">apt-get update</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><code>更换阿里源之后问题解决</code></p>
<p><strong>方案二、移除不兼容的architecture</strong>（未采用）</p>
<p>见网页</p>
<h5 id="问题描述2：添加GPG密钥时报错"><a href="#问题描述2：添加GPG密钥时报错" class="headerlink" title="问题描述2：添加GPG密钥时报错"></a>问题描述2：添加GPG密钥时报错</h5><hr>
<p>没有找到关键问题，于是回滚方法1重新更新apt工具及索引</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo apt-get update</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>这个时候又发现报错：</p>
<p><code>https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu focal Release</code></p>
<p>改了镜像源后还是访问这个 <em>404网站</em> ，于是在CSDN上寻找解决方法：</p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://blog.csdn.net/qq_45703270/article/details/115132480">https://blog.csdn.net/qq_45703270/article/details/115132480</a></p>
<p>在一个类似问题上找到了解决方案</p>
<p>看上去同样是由于<code>https://download.docker.com</code>此网站被添加到了软件源列表中，访问它时引起的报错；贴主给出的解决办法是把它从软件源列表中删除掉：</p>
<ul>
<li><p>将目录<code>/var/lib/apt/lists</code>下的以<code>download.docker</code>开头的两个文件删除：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">cd</span>	/var/lib/apt/lists/			<span class="comment"># 切换路径</span></span><br><span class="line">sudo su			<span class="comment"># 提升权限</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">rm</span> -f download.docker.com_linux_ubuntu_dists_xenial_stable_binary-amd64_Packages </span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">rm</span> -f download.docker.com_linux_ubuntu_dists_xenial_InRelease</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>重新更新apt仍然报错，说明还没有删干净</p>
</li>
<li><p>在<code>/etc/apt/sources.list.d</code>中存在两个文件 <code>docker.list</code>以及<code>docker.list.save</code>，仿照前面的操作将其强制删除：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">cd</span>	/etc/apt/sources.list.d/		<span class="comment"># 切换路径</span></span><br><span class="line">sudo su</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">rm</span> -f docker.list</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">rm</span> -f docker.list.save</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>再次更新apt，不再报错，再次尝试添加GPG密钥，成功。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h5 id="问题描述3：Docker安装完成后验证镜像失败"><a href="#问题描述3：Docker安装完成后验证镜像失败" class="headerlink" title="问题描述3：Docker安装完成后验证镜像失败"></a>问题描述3：Docker安装完成后验证镜像失败</h5><p>就在我以为大功告成的时候Docker Engine又给我整了个花活，验证安装最后一步：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ sudo docker run hello-world</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>得到的报错却是</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker: Error response from daemon: Get &quot;https://registry-1.docker.io/v2&quot;: net/http: TLS handshake timeout.</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>看样子又是源的问题，解决方案是<code>修改docker镜像源</code>，改成<strong>国内的镜像源</strong>就行</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">vi /etc/docker/daemon.json</span><br><span class="line">gedit /etc/docker/daemon.json</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>修改&#x2F;etc&#x2F;docker&#x2F;下的daemon.json文件，用vim编辑器或者gedit都可以；添加或者替换文件内容为以下镜像站：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    &quot;registry-mirrors&quot; : [</span><br><span class="line">    &quot;https://registry.docker-cn.com&quot;,</span><br><span class="line">    &quot;https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn&quot;,</span><br><span class="line">    &quot;http://hub-mirror.c.163.com&quot;,</span><br><span class="line">    &quot;https://cr.console.aliyun.com/&quot;</span><br><span class="line">  ]</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>保存后需要<code>重启Docker服务</code></p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">systemctl daemon-reload</span><br><span class="line">systemctl restart docker</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>重启服务后再次尝试验证安装，成功返回“Hello from Docker!”字样。</p>
<hr>
<h3 id="为Docker安装图形化操作界面Portainer"><a href="#为Docker安装图形化操作界面Portainer" class="headerlink" title="为Docker安装图形化操作界面Portainer"></a><strong>为Docker安装图形化操作界面Portainer</strong></h3><h5 id="★流程-1"><a href="#★流程-1" class="headerlink" title="★流程:"></a>★流程:</h5><ol>
<li><p><strong>创建 Portainer Server 存储数据库的卷</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo docker volume create portainer_data </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p><strong>下载并安装 Portainer Server 容器</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo docker run -d -p 8000:8000 -p 9443:9443 --name portainer \</span><br><span class="line">    --restart=always \</span><br><span class="line">    -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock \</span><br><span class="line">    -v portainer_data:/data \</span><br><span class="line">    portainer/portainer-ce:latest</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p><strong>查看 Docker 容器状态（NAMES 标签出现 portainer&#x2F;portainer-ce 则成功运行）</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo docker ps</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p><strong>使用 Ubuntu 自带的火狐浏览器访问（<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://127.0.0.1:9443/%EF%BC%89">https://127.0.0.1:9443/）</a></strong><br><strong>或使用局域网内另一台计算机&#x2F;手机的浏览器访问（https:&#x2F;&#x2F;服务器的IP:9443&#x2F;）</strong></p>
</li>
<li><p><strong>对 Portainer 初始设置</strong><br>设置用户名及密码（8位字符或数字），点击 Get Started，载入后点击 local 即可</p>
</li>
</ol>
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class="toc-text">开始安装：</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#ubuntu%E7%9A%84%E7%AE%80%E5%8D%95%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C"><span class="toc-number">1.0.1.0.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">ubuntu的简单操作</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85docker"><span class="toc-number">1.0.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">安装docker</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E2%98%85%E6%B5%81%E7%A8%8B"><span class="toc-number">1.0.2.0.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">★流程:</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E6%8F%8F%E8%BF%B01%EF%BC%9A%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E4%B8%8D%E4%B8%8A%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD%E8%8A%82%E7%82%B9"><span class="toc-number">1.0.2.0.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">问题描述1：连接不上下载节点</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link"><span class="toc-number">1.0.2.0.3.</span> <span class="toc-text"></span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E6%8F%8F%E8%BF%B02%EF%BC%9A%E6%B7%BB%E5%8A%A0GPG%E5%AF%86%E9%92%A5%E6%97%B6%E6%8A%A5%E9%94%99"><span class="toc-number">1.0.2.0.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">问题描述2：添加GPG密钥时报错</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E6%8F%8F%E8%BF%B03%EF%BC%9ADocker%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90%E5%90%8E%E9%AA%8C%E8%AF%81%E9%95%9C%E5%83%8F%E5%A4%B1%E8%B4%A5"><span class="toc-number">1.0.2.0.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">问题描述3：Docker安装完成后验证镜像失败</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%BADocker%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85%E5%9B%BE%E5%BD%A2%E5%8C%96%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%95%8C%E9%9D%A2Portainer"><span class="toc-number">1.0.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">为Docker安装图形化操作界面Portainer</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E2%98%85%E6%B5%81%E7%A8%8B-1"><span class="toc-number">1.0.3.0.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">★流程:</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/post/cb9cca01.html" title="服务器搭建"><img src="https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/78/78d9c25842d1722a9a61b028617743bb.jpeg" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='/img/404.jpg'" alt="服务器搭建"/></a><div class="content"><a class="title" href="/post/cb9cca01.html" title="服务器搭建">服务器搭建</a><time datetime="2022-08-12T12:09:07.000Z" title="发表于 2022-08-12 20:09:07">2022-08-12</time></div></div><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/post/3bc5e1a0.html" title="JavaSE笔记（一）"><img src="https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/78/78d9c25842d1722a9a61b028617743bb.jpeg" 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